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Objective:To evaluate the bonding ability of one representative self-etch adhesive system by applying the micro-shear bond strength test method with different concentrations of carbodiimide [1-ethyl3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide,EDC] ethanol solution pretreatment.Methods:Extracted sound human third molars were collected from patients ranging 18 to 40 years.In the study,80 molars were first sectioned to prepare a flat middle coronal dentin surface and then were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =16) according to without/with different surface treatments [blank control;80％ (volume fraction) ethanol control;EDC ethanol solution of three concentrations (0.01 mol/L,0.3 mol/L and 0.5 mol/L)].Each specimen underwent a micro-shear bond strength test and failure mode observation.The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test to analyze the difference of the micro-shear bond strength,and chi-square test/Fisher's exact test for the failure mode frequency of the micro-shear bond strength test specimens at a significance level of P =0.05.Results:The micro-shear bond strength of the three concentration EDC treatments were (35.29 ± 8.97) MPa (0.01 mol/L EDC treatment group),(40.24 ±9.68) MPa (0.3 mol/L EDC treatment group),(37.38 ±9.66) MPa (0.5 mol/L EDC treatment group) separately;and that of the 80％ ethanol group was (37.49 ± 7.76) MPa.All micro-shear bond strength value of the above four groups was statistically higher than that of the blank control group [(33.81 ± 7.98) MPa].The immediate microshear bond strength and failure mode was of no statistically significant difference among all the groups.It was noticed that the immediate micro-shear bond strength of 0.3 mol/L was higher than that of all the other groups,especially higher than that of the 80％ ethanol pretreatment group despite that there was no significant difference among all the groups.And the test of failure mode indicated that the cohesive failure was more common,while the frequency of adhesive failure was rare in each experimental group.Conclusion:EDC pretreatment had no adverse effect on the immediate micro-shear bond strengths of Clearfil SE Bond.Meanwhile,EDC treatment did not cause more adhesive failure in immediate micro-shear test,which had further denoted what was said above.However,it needs more research to illustrate the antienzymatic role of EDC in dentin bonding.
ABSTRACT
Iodinated radiocontrast media (IRCM) is widely used in current clinical practice. Although IRCM is generally safe, serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) may still occur. IRCM-induced ADRs may be subdivided into chemotoxic and hypersensitivity reactions. Several factors have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of ADRs, including previous contrast media reactions, history of asthma and allergic disease, etc. Contrast media with lower osmolality is generally recommended for at-risk patients to prevent ADRs. Current premedication prophylaxis in at-risk patients may reduce the risk of ADRs. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the prophylactic role of premedication. Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is another component of IRCM-related ADRs. Hydration remains the mainstay of CIN prophylaxis in at-risk patients. Despite several preventive measures, ADRs may still occur. Treatment strategies for potential contrast reactions are also summarised in this article. This article summarises the pathophysiology, epidemiology and risk factors of ADRs with emphasis on prevention and treatment strategies. This will allow readers to understand the rationale behind appropriate patient preparation for diagnostic imaging involving IRCM.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Kidney Injury , Therapeutics , Contrast Media , Drug Hypersensitivity , Therapeutics , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Therapeutics , Fluid Therapy , Iodine RadioisotopesABSTRACT
Renal-related adverse effects of intravascular contrast media (CM) include contrast-induced nephropathy in computed tomography and angiography. While large retrospective studies have been published, the exact pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown. We review the main international guidelines, including the American College of Radiology white paper and the guidelines of European Society of Urogenital Radiology, Royal College of Radiologists and Canadian Association of Radiologists, as well as their references, regarding this subject. We present a simplified, concise approach to renal-related adverse effects of CM, taking into consideration the basis for each recommendation in these published guidelines. This will allow the reader to better understand the rationale behind appropriate patient preparation for cross-sectional imaging.
Subject(s)
Humans , Angiography , Methods , Contrast Media , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Kidney Diseases , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the usefulness of 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging in detecting and staging nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients.Methods Thirteen patients with NPC underwent wholebody 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging,one of which underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging one day earlier.SUVmax and SUVmean from 18F-FLT and18F-FDG imaging were obtained using circular ROI in primary and metastasis lesions and were compared with the results of histopathology.The staging results by 18 F-FLT PET was compared with those by CT.Results The SUVmax and SUVmean obtained from 18F-FLT imaging in 22nasopharyngeal sites in 13 patients were 6.04 ±3.61 and 5.09 ±2.89,and the SUVmax and SUVmean in 26 lymphadenopathy were 5.56 ± 3.11 and 4.65 ± 2.79.18 F-FDG SUVmax were higher than 18 F-FLT SUVmax in one primary lesion ( 8.32 vs 4.38 ) and two lymph nodes (3.30 ± 0.07 vs 1.48 ± 0.06) in the patient who underwent the two imagings.Compared with CT staging results,the TNM stage in 3 patients had been changed based on 18 F-FLT PET/CT imaging.Conclusions High radioactivity of primary and second lesions can be detected on 18F-FLT imaging in patients with NPC and 18F-FLT PET/CT imaging may be useful in staging for NPC.
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Objective To evaluate four tumor markers of insulin-like growth factor 1((IGF-1), CEA, cytokeratin fragment antigen 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for the diagnosis and prediction of treatment response in human lung cancer. Methods Serum samples were taken from three groups: 91 patients with lung cancer, 30 healthy adults and 15 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. Serum IGF-1 was assayed by radioimmunoassay and CEA, CYFRA21-1, and NSE by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The differences among the three groups were determined by Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and with Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by ROC curves. Results The four serum tumor marker levels were significantly higher in lung cancer group, as compared with the benign and the healthy (IGF-1:χ2=26.95,P<0.001, CEA:χ2=49.11,P<0.001; CYFRA21-1:χ2=40.63,P<0.001; NSE:χ2=14.76;P<0.001). The diagnostic sensitivities of IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE was 75.6% (34/45), 53.3% (24/45), 66.7% (30/45) and 42.2% (19/45) respectively for lung cancer. The diagnostic sensitivity of IGF-1 combined with CYFRA21-1 was 95.5 %( 43/45) and that of IGF-1 combined with CEA and CYFRA21-1was 97.8%(44/45). Only IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 showed significant changes before and after treatment (IGF-1: χ2=5.99,P=0.014; CYFRA21-1:χ2=4.99, P=0.025) in cancer group. Conclusions Serum IGF-1, CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are all valuable for lung cancer diagnosis and the combination of those parameters can enhance the diagnostic efficiency. Serum IGF-1 and CYFRA21-1 may also be useful for evaluating the treatment response in lung cancer.
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Objective To investigate the depressing effect of antigene peptide nucleic acid (AGPNA)on the k-ras gene expression of human pancreatic cancer Patu8988 cells, the inducing apoptosis effect on Patu8988 cells, and the biodistribution characteristics in nude mice bearing xenografts using 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA.Methods The expression level of k-ras mRNA and the expression ratio of k-ras protein in Patu8988 cells transfected with AGPNA was measured by RT-PCR and flow cytometry ,respectively. The degree of cellular apoptosis 3 to 5 d after treating Patu8988 cells with 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA or 188ReO4- was determined by flow cytometry. For biodistribution study, 58 nude mice bearing Patu8988 cell xenografts were divided into two groups: intratumoral injection of 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA (Group A) and 188ReO4- (Group B). At different time points, the mice were sacrificed and organs of interest were excised, weighted and counted by a gamma counter. The organ uptake was calculated as a % ID/g and the absorbed doses of organs were calculated. One-way analysis of variance was used. Results After transfected with 1 nmol/ml AGPNA, the k-ras mRNA gray scale ratio and the expression ratio of k-ras protein were 1.00 ± 0.39 and (15.05 ± 5.07)%, respectively. They were significantly lower than those of the control group with 1.86 ± 0.07 and (24. 38 ± 5.40) % (F = 2. 545, 5. 327, P<0. 05). At 4 and 5 d after treatment in Group A, float cells' apoptosis ratios were (26.30 ± 7.45) % and (27.90 ± 10. 38) %, respectively. Tumors were the major distribution site in Group A with uptake of (37.47 ±21.31), (35.96 ±7.80) and (15.46 ±4.93) %lD/g at 1 h, 1 d and 7 d after intra-tumor injection, respectively. The absorbed dose of tumor was 15 569 mGy/MBq. Condusions Transfection with k-ras-AGPNA on Patu8988 cells may inhibit k-ras expression at mRNA and protein expression level, and 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA can induce apoptosis of Patu8988 cells.Tumor is the major distribution site in nude mice bearing human pancreatic cancer xenografts after intratumoral injection of 188Re-k-ras-AGPNA.